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1 Our experience tells us that
Математика: опыт подсказывает, что (...)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Our experience tells us that
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2 Experience
Any kind of experience-accidental impressions, observations, and even "inner experience" not induced by stimuli received from the environment-may initiate cognitive processes leading to changes in a person's knowledge. Thus, new knowledge can be acquired without new information being received. (That this statement refers to subjective knowledge goes without saying; but there is no such thing as objective knowledge that was not previously somebody's subjective knowledge. (Machlup & Mansfield, 1983, p. 644)Our faith in experience is far from well grounded, because we have an untenable concept of the nature of experience, one that assumes truth is manifest, and does not have to be inferred. (Brehmer, 1986, p. 715)I now wish to unfold the principles of experimental science, since without experience nothing can be sufficiently known. For there are two modes of acquiring knowledge, namely by reasoning and experience. Reasoning draws a conclusion and makes us grant the conclusion, but does not make the conclusion certain, nor does it remove doubt so that the mind may rest on the intuition of truth, unless the mind discovers it by the path of experience.... Aristotle's statement then that proof is reasoning that causes us to know is to be understood with the proviso that the proof is accompanied by its appropriate experience, and is not to be understood of the bare proof.... He therefore who wishes to rejoice without doubt in regard to the truths underlying phenomena must know how to devote himself to experiment. (Bacon, 1928, Pt. VI, Chap. 1)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Experience
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3 из ... опыта следует, что
Из (нашего) опыта следует, что-- It has been our experience that microbiological problems usually are the result of water contamination of the fuel.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > из ... опыта следует, что
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4 мы знаем из опыта, что
Мы знаем из опыта, что-- It is our experience that careful experimentation enables many of the problems of scatter to be avoided.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > мы знаем из опыта, что
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5 мы убедились на опыте
Мы убедились на опыте-- It has been our experience that microbiological problems usually are the result of water contamination of the fuel. (... попадания воды в топливо)Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > мы убедились на опыте
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6 наш опыт говорит о том, что
Наш опыт говорит о том, что-- It has been our experience that microbiological problems usually are the result of water contamination of the fuel during shipment.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > наш опыт говорит о том, что
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7 попадание
Попадание - entry, entrapment; ingress, penetration (проникновение)This dust-ignition-proof enclosure protects the detector against ingress of any dirt or dust which would result in insulation losses of the collecting electrode.Попадание (воды) в (топливо)-- It has been our experience that microbiological problems usually are the result of water contamination of the fuel during shipment.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > попадание
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8 опыт подсказывает, что
•Experience leads us to conclude that there is no zeroth-order term.
•Our experience tells us (or suggests) that only a few of... can be arbitrarily fixed.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > опыт подсказывает, что
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9 Erfahrung
f1. (Erlebnis) experience; (Kenntnis, Praxis) experience (nur Sg.); technische Erfahrung auch (technical) know-how; aus ( eigener) Erfahrung kennen, sprechen: from (one’s personal oder one’s own) experience; Erfahrung(en) sammeln oder machen gain ( oder pick up) experience; durch Erfahrung wird man klug Sprichw. you live and learn; durch Erfahrung klug werden learn the hard way; die Erfahrung machen, dass... find that...; ich musste die traurige Erfahrung machen, dass... sadly, I found that...; schlechte Erfahrungen machen have problems oder trouble ( mit with), fare geh. badly (with); gute Erfahrungen machen have no problems oder trouble at all ( mit with), fare geh. very well (with); wir haben bisher mit dem Wagen nur gute Erfahrungen gemacht we’ve had absolutely no trouble with the car so far, the car has been fine so far; die Erfahrung hat gezeigt oder gelehrt, dass... (past) experience has shown that...; da bin ich wieder um eine Erfahrung reicher allg. you learn something new every day, you live and learn; bei Enttäuschung: I’ll just have to put it down to experience; (das ist mir eine Lehre) I suppose I have learn|t (Am. -ed) something; nachdrücklicher: that’s another lesson (for me)* * *die Erfahrungexperience; know-how* * *Er|fah|rungf -, -enexperience; (= Übung auch) practical knowledge; (PHILOS AUCH) empirical knowledgeaus (eigener) Erfáhrung — from (one's own) experience
nach meiner Erfáhrung — in my experience
Erfáhrungen sammeln — to gain experience
die Erfáhrung hat gezeigt, dass... — experience has shown that...
etw in Erfáhrung bringen — to learn or to find out sth
eine Erfáhrung machen — to have an experience
seine Erfáhrungen machen — to learn (things) the hard way
jeder muss seine Erfáhrungen selber machen — everyone has to learn by experience
ich habe die Erfáhrung gemacht, dass... — I have found that...
mit dieser neuen Maschine/Mitarbeiterin haben wir nur gute/schlechte Erfáhrungen gemacht — we have found this new machine/employee (to be) completely satisfactory/unsatisfactory
was für Erfáhrungen haben Sie mit ihm/damit gemacht? — how did you find him/it?
ich habe mit der Ehe nur schlechte Erfáhrungen gemacht — I've had a very bad experience of marriage (esp Brit), I've had very bad experience with marriage (US)
durch Erfáhrung wird man klug (Prov) — one learns by experience
* * ** * *Er·fah·rung<-, -en>f1. (prägendes Erlebnis) experienceich bin wieder um eine \Erfahrung reicher! I'm the wiser for it!▪ jds \Erfahrungen mit jdm/etw sb's experience of sb/sthdie/diese \Erfahrung machen[, dass...] to have the/that experience [of...]die \Erfahrung machen, dass... to find that...[seine] \Erfahrungen machen [o sammeln] to gain experience [for oneself]nach meiner \Erfahrung in my experience2. (Übung) experiencejahrelange \Erfahrung years of experienceaus \Erfahrung sprechen to speak from experiencemit [entsprechender] \Erfahrung with [the appropriate] experience3. (Kenntnis)etw in \Erfahrung bringen to learn [or sep find out] sth4.* * *die; Erfahrung, Erfahrungen1) experienceüber reiche/langjährige Erfahrungen verfügen — have extensive/years of experience
Erfahrungen sammeln — gain experience sing.
die Erfahrung machen, dass... — learn by experience that...
wir haben schlechte Erfahrungen mit ihm/damit gemacht — our experience of him/it has not been very good
2)* * *technische Erfahrung auch (technical) know-how;durch Erfahrung wird man klug sprichw you live and learn;durch Erfahrung klug werden learn the hard way;die Erfahrung machen, dass … find that …;ich musste die traurige Erfahrung machen, dass … sadly, I found that …;schlechte Erfahrungen machen have problems oder trouble (mit with), fare geh badly (with);gute Erfahrungen machen have no problems oder trouble at all (mit with), fare geh very well (with);wir haben bisher mit dem Wagen nur gute Erfahrungen gemacht we’ve had absolutely no trouble with the car so far, the car has been fine so far;gelehrt, dass … (past) experience has shown that …;da bin ich wieder um eine Erfahrung reicher allg you learn something new every day, you live and learn; bei Enttäuschung: I’ll just have to put it down to experience; (das ist mir eine Lehre) I suppose I have learnt (US -ed) something; nachdrücklicher: that’s another lesson (for me)2.in Erfahrung bringen learn; (herausfinden) find out* * *die; Erfahrung, Erfahrungen1) experienceüber reiche/langjährige Erfahrungen verfügen — have extensive/years of experience
Erfahrungen sammeln — gain experience sing.
die Erfahrung machen, dass... — learn by experience that...
wir haben schlechte Erfahrungen mit ihm/damit gemacht — our experience of him/it has not been very good
2)* * *f.experience n. -
10 опыт
attempt, trial, experiment, experience, run, practice• В-третьих, опыт автора говорит, что... - Thirdly, it is the author's experience that... <• Выполнив опыт успешно, мы... - Having carried out the test successfully, we...• Данная формула хорошо согласуется с опытом. - This formula is in good agreement with the experiment.• Его карьера к данному моменту уже включает опыт в... - His career to date has included experience in...• Из нашего опыта мы знаем, что... - It is a matter of experience that...• Из опыта работы в индустрии ясно, что... - It is clear from experience within the industry that...• Из повседневного опыта мы знаем, что... - We learn from common experience that...• Из собственного опыта могу сообщить, что... - From personal experience, I can say that...• Каждодневный опыт предлагает... - Everyday experience suggests that...• Мы собираемся опираться на опыт читателя относительно... - We are going to rely on the reader's experience with...• Накапливая опыт, студенты узнают, как... - With practice the student will learn to...• Накопив достаточный опыт, пользователь должен быть способен... - With sufficient experience, the user should be able to...• Накопленный опыт начал нам указывать, что... - Our accumulated experience began to indicate that...• Наш опыт приводит нас к заключению, что... - Experience leads us to conclude that...;• Необходим опыт для... - It takes experience to...• Опыт автора говорит, что... - The author's experience suggests that...• Опыт говорит нам, что... - Our experience tells us that...• Опыт истории показывает, что... - Historical experience shows that...• Опыт показывает, что... - Experiment shows that...• Опыт учит нас, что... - Experience teaches us that...• Опыты, проведенные на животных,... - The experiments performed on animals are...• Профессор Смит был умелым исследователем с многолетним опытом в... - Prof. Smith was a skilled researcher who had many years of experience with...• Смит [1] имел многолетний опыт работы с... - Smith [1] had many years of experience dealing with... -
11 aumento
m.1 increase, rise.un aumento del 10 por ciento a 10 percent increaseun aumento de los precios a price riselas temperaturas experimentarán un ligero aumento temperatures will rise slightlyir en aumento to be on the increaseaumento de sueldo pay rise2 promotion.3 magnifying power.4 jump.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: aumentar.* * *1 increase, growth2 (óptica) magnification3 (fotos) enlargement4 (sonido) amplification5 (salario) rise, US raise\ir en aumento to be on the increaseaumento de precios rise in prices* * *noun m.1) increase2) raise* * *SM1) [de tamaño] increase; (Fot) enlargement; (Ópt) magnification2) [de cantidad, producción, velocidad, intensidad] increase; [de precio] increase, risese registró un aumento de temperatura — an increase o rise in temperature was recorded
aumento de peso — [en objeto] increase in weight; [en persona] weight gain
aumento de sueldo, aumento salarial — (pay) rise
3) (Elec, Radio) amplification4)5) (Ópt) magnification6) Méx (=posdata) postscript* * *a) ( incremento) rise, increasepedir un aumento — to ask for a raise (AmE) o (BrE) rise
las tarifas sufrirán un ligero aumento — there will be a small increase o rise in fares
aumento de algo: aumento de peso increase in weight; aumento de temperatura rise in temperature; aumento de precio price rise o increase; aumento de sueldo — salary increase, pay raise (AmE), pay rise (BrE)
b) (Ópt) magnificationlentes con or de mucho aumento — glasses with very strong lenses
* * *= boost, build-up [buildup], extension, growth, increase, rise, tide, expansion, deepening, augmentation, increase in numbers, growth in number, surge, upswing, widening, waxing, enlargement, heightening.Ex. Consequently, Leforte came to expect -- perhaps even take for granted -- the periodic boosts of ego and income that the evaluations provided.Ex. No problem usually with terminals and micros but there could be an undesirable temperature build-up in confined areas.Ex. These can be seen as extensions of the supportive role provided by Neighbourhood Advice Centres to community groups.Ex. This document contains information on such concepts as settlement, urban growth, field patterns, forest clearance and many others.Ex. The term you have chosen indicates an increase in specificity, since it is one of the members of the group described by the basic term.Ex. The rapid rise of computer literacy in the world has led to a demand for the easy availability of many kinds of information.Ex. What has happened is that yet another institution has so overlapped with our own that we are being swept along on the tide of the technological revolution.Ex. This is not a simple general expansion of a description but an increasing emphasis upon aspects of the book.Ex. There is a categorical moral imperative for a deepening and a renewal of the concept of collegiality -- that is a blend of intense competition and mutual support -- in relations between research scholars and research librarians.Ex. If the budget will not permit staff augmentation, then the reference librarian must help the department head to make the most of available resources.Ex. The present increase in numbers of overseas students in Australia tertiary institutions has implications for libraries.Ex. The growth in number of national, regional and international agricultural organisations has resulted in a vast output of scientific and technical literature, issued in a wide variety of forms.Ex. The Internet is also creating a new surge of interest in information in all forms, and a revitalized interest in reading.Ex. The author discusses the current upswing in paperback sales of children's books in the USA and the slump in hardback sales.Ex. Despite growth in export volume in recent years, there has been a widening of the national current account deficit from 8.8% to over 20%.Ex. This waning of one discipline and waxing of another represents the fundamental incommensurability, yet mutual dependence, of existing disciplinary categories of knowledge.Ex. This enlargement of interests forms the basis of the claim to provide an information education appropriate to other than library-type environments.Ex. The arts can serve the heightening of our sensibilities to the theological dimensions of cultural movements.----* aumento acelerado = spurt.* aumento acusado = sharp increase.* aumento asociado a la inflación = inflation-adjusted.* aumento de = increased.* aumento de cantidad = increase in quantity.* aumento de costes = increased costs, cost increase.* aumento de la demanda = increase in (the) demand, increased demand.* aumento de la producción = increased production.* aumento de las diferencias entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.* aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.* aumento de los impuestos = tax increase.* aumento del uso = increased use.* aumento de pecho = breast augmentation, breast enlargement.* aumento de peso = weight gain.* aumento de precios = price increase, increased price.* aumento de tamaño = increase in size.* aumento en espesor = thickening.* aumento notable = rising tide.* aumento repentino = upsurge.* aumento salarial = salary increase, pay rise, salary rise.* aumento salarial por méritos = merit salary increase.* aumento transitorio de tensión = surge.* aumento vertiginoso = explosion, spiralling [spiraling, -USA].* conceder aumento salarial = award + salary increase.* en aumento = burgeoning, increasing, mounting, rising, on the rise, growing, heightening.* en aumento gradual = gradually quickening.* en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.* espejo de aumento = magnifying mirror.* experimentar un aumento = experience + rise.* experimentar un aumento vertiginoso = experience + explosion.* gran aumento = heavy increase.* ir en aumento = be on the increase.* lector de aumento = magnifying reader.* lente de aumento = magnifying glass, magnifier.* mamoplastía de aumento = augmentation mammoplasty.* ritmo de aumento = rate of increase.* tasa de aumento = growth rate, rate of growth, rate of increase.* * *a) ( incremento) rise, increasepedir un aumento — to ask for a raise (AmE) o (BrE) rise
las tarifas sufrirán un ligero aumento — there will be a small increase o rise in fares
aumento de algo: aumento de peso increase in weight; aumento de temperatura rise in temperature; aumento de precio price rise o increase; aumento de sueldo — salary increase, pay raise (AmE), pay rise (BrE)
b) (Ópt) magnificationlentes con or de mucho aumento — glasses with very strong lenses
* * *= boost, build-up [buildup], extension, growth, increase, rise, tide, expansion, deepening, augmentation, increase in numbers, growth in number, surge, upswing, widening, waxing, enlargement, heightening.Ex: Consequently, Leforte came to expect -- perhaps even take for granted -- the periodic boosts of ego and income that the evaluations provided.
Ex: No problem usually with terminals and micros but there could be an undesirable temperature build-up in confined areas.Ex: These can be seen as extensions of the supportive role provided by Neighbourhood Advice Centres to community groups.Ex: This document contains information on such concepts as settlement, urban growth, field patterns, forest clearance and many others.Ex: The term you have chosen indicates an increase in specificity, since it is one of the members of the group described by the basic term.Ex: The rapid rise of computer literacy in the world has led to a demand for the easy availability of many kinds of information.Ex: What has happened is that yet another institution has so overlapped with our own that we are being swept along on the tide of the technological revolution.Ex: This is not a simple general expansion of a description but an increasing emphasis upon aspects of the book.Ex: There is a categorical moral imperative for a deepening and a renewal of the concept of collegiality -- that is a blend of intense competition and mutual support -- in relations between research scholars and research librarians.Ex: If the budget will not permit staff augmentation, then the reference librarian must help the department head to make the most of available resources.Ex: The present increase in numbers of overseas students in Australia tertiary institutions has implications for libraries.Ex: The growth in number of national, regional and international agricultural organisations has resulted in a vast output of scientific and technical literature, issued in a wide variety of forms.Ex: The Internet is also creating a new surge of interest in information in all forms, and a revitalized interest in reading.Ex: The author discusses the current upswing in paperback sales of children's books in the USA and the slump in hardback sales.Ex: Despite growth in export volume in recent years, there has been a widening of the national current account deficit from 8.8% to over 20%.Ex: This waning of one discipline and waxing of another represents the fundamental incommensurability, yet mutual dependence, of existing disciplinary categories of knowledge.Ex: This enlargement of interests forms the basis of the claim to provide an information education appropriate to other than library-type environments.Ex: The arts can serve the heightening of our sensibilities to the theological dimensions of cultural movements.* aumento acelerado = spurt.* aumento acusado = sharp increase.* aumento asociado a la inflación = inflation-adjusted.* aumento de = increased.* aumento de cantidad = increase in quantity.* aumento de costes = increased costs, cost increase.* aumento de la demanda = increase in (the) demand, increased demand.* aumento de la producción = increased production.* aumento de las diferencias entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.* aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.* aumento de los impuestos = tax increase.* aumento del uso = increased use.* aumento de pecho = breast augmentation, breast enlargement.* aumento de peso = weight gain.* aumento de precios = price increase, increased price.* aumento de tamaño = increase in size.* aumento en espesor = thickening.* aumento notable = rising tide.* aumento repentino = upsurge.* aumento salarial = salary increase, pay rise, salary rise.* aumento salarial por méritos = merit salary increase.* aumento transitorio de tensión = surge.* aumento vertiginoso = explosion, spiralling [spiraling, -USA].* conceder aumento salarial = award + salary increase.* en aumento = burgeoning, increasing, mounting, rising, on the rise, growing, heightening.* en aumento gradual = gradually quickening.* en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.* espejo de aumento = magnifying mirror.* experimentar un aumento = experience + rise.* experimentar un aumento vertiginoso = experience + explosion.* gran aumento = heavy increase.* ir en aumento = be on the increase.* lector de aumento = magnifying reader.* lente de aumento = magnifying glass, magnifier.* mamoplastía de aumento = augmentation mammoplasty.* ritmo de aumento = rate of increase.* tasa de aumento = growth rate, rate of growth, rate of increase.* * *1 (incremento) rise, increaselas tarifas experimentarán or sufrirán un ligero aumento there will be a small increase o rise in faresla tensión va en aumento tension is growing o mounting o increasingel aumento de las cotizaciones en las bolsas the rise in stock market pricesla velocidad del cuerpo va en aumento a medida que … the speed of the object increases as …aumento DE algo:aumento de peso increase in weight, weight gainaumento de temperatura rise in temperatureaumento de precio price rise o increase2 ( Ópt) magnificationun microscopio de 20 aumentos a microscope with a magnifying power o magnification of 20tiene gafas or ( AmL) lentes con or de mucho aumento he wears glasses with very strong lenses* * *
Del verbo aumentar: ( conjugate aumentar)
aumento es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
aumentó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
aumentar
aumento
aumentar ( conjugate aumentar) verbo transitivo
‹precio/sueldo› to increase, raiseb) (Opt) to magnify
verbo intransitivo [temperatura/presión] to rise;
[ velocidad] to increase;
[precio/producción/valor] to increase, rise;
aumento de algo ‹de volumen/tamaño› to increase in sth;
aumentó de peso he put on o gained weight
aumento sustantivo masculino
aumento de temperatura rise in temperature;
aumento de precio price rise o increase;
aumento de sueldo salary increase, pay raise (AmE), pay rise (BrE)b) (Ópt) magnification;
aumentar
I verbo transitivo to increase
Fot to enlarge
Ópt to magnify
II vi (una cantidad) to go up, rise
(de valor) to appreciate
aumento sustantivo masculino
1 increase
aumento de sueldo, pay rise
2 Fot enlargement
3 Ópt magnification
' aumento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
lente
- más
- petición
- producción
- progresiva
- progresivo
- salarial
- agudo
- auge
- aumentar
- autorizar
- bonificación
- escalada
- nubosidad
- prever
- prometido
- rápido
- representar
- retroactivo
- sensible
- triple
- valorización
- votar
English:
appreciation
- attribute
- bolster
- build-up
- by
- gain
- growing
- growth
- hike
- hysteria
- improvement
- increase
- leap
- mount
- negotiate
- of
- raise
- rise
- surge
- wage increase
- build
- glass
- jump
- pay
- rising
- settlement
- up
* * *aumento nm1. [de temperatura, precio, gastos, tensión] increase, rise;[de sueldo] Br rise, US raise; [de velocidad] increase;un aumento del 10 por ciento a 10 percent increase;un aumento de los precios a price rise;las temperaturas experimentarán un ligero aumento temperatures will rise slightly;aumento lineal [de sueldo] across-the-board pay Br rise o US raise;aumento de sueldo pay increase;2. [en óptica] magnification;una lente de 20 aumentos a lens of magnification x 20* * *de sueldo raise, Br (pay) rise;ir en aumento be increasing* * *aumento nmincremento: increase, rise* * *aumento n increase / riseir en aumento to be increasing / to be rising -
12 erfahrungsgemäß
Adv.: erfahrungsgemäß dauert es eine Stunde experience has shown ( oder shows) that ( oder we know from experience) that it takes an hour* * *experiential (Adj.); empirical (Adj.)* * *er|fah|rungs|ge|mäßadverfáhrungsgemäß ist es... — experience shows...
* * *er·fah·rungs·ge·mäßadv in sb's experience\erfahrungsgemäß ist... experience shows that...* * *Adverb in our/my experienceerfahrungsgemäß ist es so, dass... — experience shows that...
* * *erfahrungsgemäß adv:erfahrungsgemäß dauert es eine Stunde experience has shown ( oder shows) that ( oder we know from experience) that it takes an hour* * *Adverb in our/my experienceerfahrungsgemäß ist es so, dass... — experience shows that...
* * *adj.empirical adj.experiential adj. adv.empirically adv.from experience expr. -
13 connaissance
connaissance [kɔnεsɑ̃s]1. feminine nouna. ( = savoir) la connaissance knowledgeb. ( = personne) acquaintancec. ( = conscience, lucidité) consciousness• perdre/reprendre connaissance to lose/regain consciousness2. plural feminine nounconnaissances ( = choses connues) knowledge• il a de bonnes/vagues connaissances en anglais he has a good command of/a smattering of English* * *kɔnɛsɑ̃s
1.
1) ( savoir) knowledge (de of)il a une profonde connaissance de la psychologie humaine — he has a deep understanding of the way the human mind works
porter à la connaissance de quelqu'un que — fml to advise somebody that
2) ( conscience) consciousness3) ( sur le plan social) acquaintancese retrouver en pays de connaissance — ( avec des gens que l'on connaît) to be among familiar faces; ( dans un domaine familier) to find oneself on familiar ground
2.
‘connaissances en informatique souhaitées’ — ‘computing experience desirable’
* * *kɔnɛsɑ̃s1. nf1) (= savoir) knowledge no plune meilleure connaissance de qch/qn — a better knowledge of sth/sb
See:2) (en locution: d'un fait, d'un document)prendre connaissance de [document] — to peruse
à ma connaissance — to my knowledge, to the best of my knowledge
3) (en locution: d'une personne)faire connaissance avec qn (= rencontrer) — to meet sb, (= apprendre à connaître) to get to know sb
faire la connaissance de qn (= rencontrer) — to meet sb
J'ai fait la connaissance de son frère. — I met her brother.
faire plus ample connaissance [plusieurs personnes] — to get to know each other better
de connaissance (personne, visage) — familiar
4) (= personne connue) acquaintanceCe n'est pas vraiment une amie, juste une connaissance. — She's not really a friend, just an acquaintance.
5) (= conscience) consciousnessIl avait toute sa connaissance. — He was fully conscious.
2. connaissances nfpl(= savoir) knowledge no pl... pour approfondir vos connaissances —... to increase your knowledge
* * *A nf1 ( savoir) knowledge (de of); connaissance abstraite/pratique/sensorielle abstract/practical/sensory knowledge; avoir une bonne connaissance de l'espagnol/la musique to have a good knowledge of Spanish/music; à ma/notre/leur connaissance to (the best of) my/our/their knowledge; pas à ma connaissance not to my knowledge, not as far as I know; avoir connaissance de qch to know something about sth; ne pas avoir connaissance de qch to have no knowledge of sth; il a une profonde connaissance de la psychologie humaine he has a deep understanding of the way the human mind works; ils ont connaissance de nos intentions they know of our intentions; prendre connaissance d'un texte/d'une information to acquaint oneself with a text/a piece of information; ‘confirme avoir pris connaissance des conditions générales de vente’ Comm ‘confirm that I have read the conditions of sale’; donner connaissance de qch à qn to inform sb of sth; porter à la connaissance de qn que fml to advise sb that; il a été porté à notre connaissance que it has been drawn ou brought to our attention that; en connaissance de cause with full knowledge of the facts;2 ( conscience) consciousness; perdre connaissance to lose consciousness; reprendre connaissance to regain consciousness; rester sans connaissance to be unconscious; tomber sans connaissance to faint;3 ( sur le plan social) acquaintance; faire de nouvelles connaissances to make new acquaintances; j'ai fait leur connaissance hier I met them yesterday; un architecte de ma connaissance an architect of my acquaintance, an architect I know; (je suis) heureux de faire votre connaissance (I'm) pleased to meet you; faire (plus ample) connaissance avec qn to get to know sb (better), to become ou get (better) acquainted with sb; ils ont lié connaissance au cours d'un dîner they struck up an acquaintance during a dinner; faire faire connaissance à deux personnes to introduce two people (to each other); un visage de connaissance a familiar face; se retrouver en pays de connaissance ( avec des gens que l'on connaît) to be among familiar faces; ( dans un domaine familier) to find oneself on familiar ground.B connaissances nfpl ( théoriques) knowledge ¢; ( pratiques) experience ¢; connaissances élémentaires/théoriques/solides elementary/theoretical/sound knowledge; posséder quelques connaissances/des connaissances approfondies en or sur qch to have some knowledge/a good knowledge of sth; approfondir/élargir ses connaissances to deepen/broaden one's knowledge; ‘connaissances en informatique souhaitées’ ‘computing experience desirable’.[kɔnɛsɑ̃s] nom féminin1. [maîtrise dans un domaine] knowledgeune connaissance approfondie de l'espagnol a thorough knowledge ou good command of Spanish2. PHILOSOPHIE3. [fait d'être informé]il n'en a jamais eu connaissance he never learnt about it, he was never notified of itprendre connaissance des faits to learn about ou to hear of the factsil est venu à notre connaissance que... it has come to our attention that...4. [conscience] consciousnessil gisait là/il est tombé, sans connaissance he was lying there/he fell unconsciousreprendre connaissance to come to, to regain consciousness5. [rencontrer quelqu'un]faire la connaissance de quelqu'un, faire connaissance avec quelqu'un to make somebody's acquaintance, to meet somebodyprendre connaissance d'un texte to read ou to peruse a textfaire connaissance avec quelque chose [aborder quelque chose] to discover, to get to know6. [ami] acquaintancec'est une simple connaissance he's a mere ou nodding acquaintancefaire de nouvelles connaissances to make new acquaintances, to meet new people————————connaissances nom féminin plurielavoir de solides connaissances en to have a thorough knowledge of ou a good grounding inavoir des connaissances sommaires en to have a basic knowledge of, to know the rudiments of————————à ma connaissance locution adverbiale,à sa connaissance etc. locution adverbialeto (the best of) my/his etc. knowledge, as far as I know/he knows etc.pas à ma connaissance not to my knowledge, not as far as I know, not that I know of————————de connaissance locution adjectivalea. [dans un domaine] to be on familiar groundb. [dans un milieu] to be among familiar faces————————de ma connaissance locution adjectivale,de sa connaissance etc. locution adjectivaleune personne de ma connaissance an acquaintance of mine, somebody I knowen connaissance de cause locution adverbiale -
14 estropear
v.1 to break (aparato).2 to ruin (ropa, vista).el exceso de sol estropea la piel too much sun is bad for the skinElsa estropeó a su hijo Elsa ruined her son.3 to ruin, to spoil (plan, cosecha).siempre tienes que estropearlo todo you always have to ruin everythingEse chico estropeó mis planes That boy spoiled my plans.4 to age.5 to damage, to ruin, to bang up, to batter.Elsa estropeó mi auto Elsa damaged my car.* * *1 (máquina) to damage, break, ruin2 (cosecha) to spoil, ruin3 (plan etc) to spoil, ruin4 (salud) to be bad for5 (envejecer) to age6 (manos, pelo) to ruin1 (máquina) to break down2 (cosecha) to be spoiled, get damaged3 (plan etc) to fail, fall through, go wrong4 (comida) to go bad* * *verb1) to spoil, ruin2) damage•* * *1. VT1) (=averiar) [+ juguete, lavadora, ascensor] to break; [+ vehículo] to damage2) (=dañar) [+ tela, ropa, zapatos] to ruinesa crema le ha estropeado el cutis — that cream has damaged o ruined her skin
3) (=malograr) [+ plan, cosecha, actuación] to ruin, spoilla lluvia nos estropeó la excursión — the rain ruined o spoiled our day out
el final estropeaba la película — the ending ruined o spoiled the film
la luz estropea el vino — light spoils wine, light makes wine go off
4) (=afear) [+ objeto, habitación] to ruin the look of, spoil the look of; [+ vista, panorama] to ruin, spoilestropeó el escritorio pintándolo de blanco — he ruined o spoiled the look of the desk by painting it white
ese sofá estropea el salón — that sofa ruins the look of the living room, that sofa spoils (the look of) the living room
el centro comercial nos ha estropeado la vista — the shopping centre has ruined o spoiled our view
5) (=envejecer)[+ persona]2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <aparato/mecanismo> to damage, break; < coche> to damageb) ( malograr) <plan/vacaciones> to spoil, ruin2.estropearse v pron1)a) ( averiarse) to break downb) plan to go wrong2)a) ( deteriorarse) frutato go bad; leche/pescado to go off* * *= break down, mar, ruin, spoil, mutilate, disfigure, vandalise [vandalize, -USA], corrupt, despoil, deface, bungle, fudge, wash out, cast + a blight on, blight.Ex. It describes our experience in combatting mould which grew as a result of high humidity and temperatures when the air conditioning system broke down for several days after several days of rain.Ex. Unfortunately, much of Metcalfe's writing is marred by what appears to be a deep-rooted prejudice against the classified approach, particularly as exemplified by Ranganathan.Ex. Besides, winding up in an exclusive arrangement with a distributor that has rotten customer service ruins any advantage.Ex. But if set-off did occur and threatened to set back and spoil subsequent impressions of the first forme, the tympan cloth could be rubbed over with lye to clean it.Ex. Prompt responses are required to bomb threats and reports of such dangerous or criminal conduct as sprinkling acid on chairs or clothing, mutilating books, tampering with the card catalog, or obscene behavior.Ex. Whichever he chooses he will still have to sift out and categorize the numerous errors that disfigure all the early texts of the play.Ex. This article argues in favour of the term 'conservator' rather than 'restorer' of books as the former does not conjure up a picture of the Victorian artisan vandalising documents with irreversible treatments simply for effect.Ex. Libraries which have public access computers should take precautions to prevent their systems being corrupted.Ex. The main justifications, couched mostly in race-neutral terms, were that the squatters would increase crime, decrease property values, spread disease, & despoil the natural environment.Ex. Do not write or scribble in books or otherwise deface them.Ex. Regrettably, the well-intentioned publication of Devereux's typescript has been incurably bungled, and Rastell remains without either a complete or trustworthy bibliography.Ex. This adaptation of David Leavitt's novel wobbles between comedy and melodrama, ultimately fudging the novel's spiky empathy.Ex. Some sections of road washed out by flood waters.Ex. Rampant commercialisation of publishing is casting a blight on literature.Ex. The global outbreak of swine flu has spread fear through the travel sector, blighting any green shoots of recovery from the financial crisis.----* algo que estropea el paisaje = a blot on the landscape.* estar estropeándose = be on the way out.* estropear el efecto = spoil + effect.* estropear el placer = spoil + pleasure.* estropearlo = crap it up.* estropear los planes = upset + the applecart.* estropear los planes, chaflar los planes, desbaratar los planes, desbaratar = upset + the applecart.* estropear + Posesivo + imagen = ruin + Posesivo + style, cramp + Posesivo + style.* estropear + Posesivo + planes = upset + Posesivo + plans, ruin + Posesivo + plans.* estropearse = go down, sour, give up + the ghost, conk out, go + kaput, be kaput, go to + seed, go + haywire, go + haywire, be up the spout.* estropear una relación = poison + a relationship.* estropear un chiste = kill + a joke, kill + a joke.* que estropea el paisaje = eyesore.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <aparato/mecanismo> to damage, break; < coche> to damageb) ( malograr) <plan/vacaciones> to spoil, ruin2.estropearse v pron1)a) ( averiarse) to break downb) plan to go wrong2)a) ( deteriorarse) frutato go bad; leche/pescado to go off* * *= break down, mar, ruin, spoil, mutilate, disfigure, vandalise [vandalize, -USA], corrupt, despoil, deface, bungle, fudge, wash out, cast + a blight on, blight.Ex: It describes our experience in combatting mould which grew as a result of high humidity and temperatures when the air conditioning system broke down for several days after several days of rain.
Ex: Unfortunately, much of Metcalfe's writing is marred by what appears to be a deep-rooted prejudice against the classified approach, particularly as exemplified by Ranganathan.Ex: Besides, winding up in an exclusive arrangement with a distributor that has rotten customer service ruins any advantage.Ex: But if set-off did occur and threatened to set back and spoil subsequent impressions of the first forme, the tympan cloth could be rubbed over with lye to clean it.Ex: Prompt responses are required to bomb threats and reports of such dangerous or criminal conduct as sprinkling acid on chairs or clothing, mutilating books, tampering with the card catalog, or obscene behavior.Ex: Whichever he chooses he will still have to sift out and categorize the numerous errors that disfigure all the early texts of the play.Ex: This article argues in favour of the term 'conservator' rather than 'restorer' of books as the former does not conjure up a picture of the Victorian artisan vandalising documents with irreversible treatments simply for effect.Ex: Libraries which have public access computers should take precautions to prevent their systems being corrupted.Ex: The main justifications, couched mostly in race-neutral terms, were that the squatters would increase crime, decrease property values, spread disease, & despoil the natural environment.Ex: Do not write or scribble in books or otherwise deface them.Ex: Regrettably, the well-intentioned publication of Devereux's typescript has been incurably bungled, and Rastell remains without either a complete or trustworthy bibliography.Ex: This adaptation of David Leavitt's novel wobbles between comedy and melodrama, ultimately fudging the novel's spiky empathy.Ex: Some sections of road washed out by flood waters.Ex: Rampant commercialisation of publishing is casting a blight on literature.Ex: The global outbreak of swine flu has spread fear through the travel sector, blighting any green shoots of recovery from the financial crisis.* algo que estropea el paisaje = a blot on the landscape.* estar estropeándose = be on the way out.* estropear el efecto = spoil + effect.* estropear el placer = spoil + pleasure.* estropearlo = crap it up.* estropear los planes = upset + the applecart.* estropear los planes, chaflar los planes, desbaratar los planes, desbaratar = upset + the applecart.* estropear + Posesivo + imagen = ruin + Posesivo + style, cramp + Posesivo + style.* estropear + Posesivo + planes = upset + Posesivo + plans, ruin + Posesivo + plans.* estropearse = go down, sour, give up + the ghost, conk out, go + kaput, be kaput, go to + seed, go + haywire, go + haywire, be up the spout.* estropear una relación = poison + a relationship.* estropear un chiste = kill + a joke, kill + a joke.* que estropea el paisaje = eyesore.* * *estropear [A1 ]vtA1 ‹aparato/mecanismo› to damage, break; ‹coche› to damage2 (malograr) ‹plan› to spoil, ruin, wreck ( colloq)este niño se ha empeñado en estropearnos las vacaciones this child is determined to spoil o ruin o wreck our holidays (for us)B(deteriorar, dañar): no laves esa camisa con lejía que la estropeas don't use bleach on that shirt, you'll ruin itel calor ha estropeado la fruta the heat has made the fruit go badel exceso de sol puede estropear la piel too much sun can damage o harm your skinsi lo estropeas, no te compro más juguetes if you break it, I won't buy you any more toysestropeó la comida echándole mucha sal he spoiled the food by putting too much salt in itA1 (averiarse) to break downel coche se ha vuelto a estropear the car's broken down againla lavadora está estropeada the washing machine is broken2 «plan» to go wrongB1(deteriorarse): los zapatos se me han estropeado con la lluvia the rain has ruined my shoes, my shoes have been ruined by the rainmete la fruta en la nevera, que se va a estropear put the fruit in the fridge or it'll go badúltimamente se ha estropeado mucho lately she's really lost her looks* * *
estropear ( conjugate estropear) verbo transitivo
1
‹ coche› to damage
2 (deteriorar, dañar) ‹ piel› to damage, ruin;
‹ juguete› to break;
‹ ropa› to ruin;
estropearse verbo pronominal
1
2 ( deteriorarse) [ fruta] to go bad;
[leche/pescado] to go off;
[zapatos/chaqueta] to get ruined
estropear verbo transitivo
1 (causar daños) to damage: hemos estropeado la impresora porque usamos el papel equivocado, we have ruined the printer because we used the wrong kind of paper
2 (frustrar, malograr) to spoil, ruin: ¡lo has estropeado todo con tus meteduras de pata!, you've ruined everything with your big mouth!
3 (una máquina) to break
' estropear' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aguar
- cargarse
- dar
- dañar
- deshacer
- destripar
- joder
- jorobar
- perder
- salar
- embromar
- estropeado
- fastidiar
English:
botch
- break
- bungle
- damage
- damper
- mar
- mess up
- muck up
- ruin
- screw up
- spoil
- unspoilt
- wreck
- disfigure
- kill
- mess
* * *♦ vt1. [averiar] to break2. [dañar] to damage;no juegues al fútbol con esos zapatos, que los estropearás don't play football in those shoes, you'll ruin them;la lejía estropea la ropa bleach damages clothes;el exceso de sol estropea la piel too much sun is bad for the skin3. [echar a perder] to ruin, to spoil;la lluvia estropeó nuestros planes the rain ruined o spoiled our plans;siempre tienes que estropearlo todo you always have to ruin everything4. [envejecer] to age* * *v/t1 aparato break2 plan ruin, spoil* * *estropear vt1) arruinar: to ruin, to spoil2) : to break, to damage* * *estropear vb2. (aparato) to damage -
15 anular
adj.1 ring-shaped.dedo anular ring finger2 annular, ring-shaped.Ricardo compró un artefacto anular Richard bought a ring-shaped artifact.m.1 ring finger (dedo).Elsa se quebró el anular Elsa fractured her ring finger.2 annular, annular ligament.v.1 to annul, to leave without effect, to abolish, to invalidate.El juez anuló la decisión The judge annulled the decision.2 to belittle, to annul, to underrate.Dorotea anula a su hijo Dorothy belittles her son.3 to chalk off.* * *► adjetivo1 ring-shaped1 ring finger————————2 (un pedido, viaje) to cancel; (un contrato) to invalidate, cancel4 figurado (desautorizar) to deprive of authority1 to lose one's authority* * *verb1) to cancel, annul, rescind* * *1. VT1) [+ contrato] to cancel, rescind; [+ ley] to repeal; [+ decisión] to override; [+ matrimonio] to annul2) [+ elecciones, resultado] to declare null and void; [+ gol, tanto] to disallowhan anulado la votación por irregularidad — they have declared the vote null and void because of irregularities
3) [+ cita, viaje, evento] to cancel4) [+ cheque] to cancel5) [+ efecto] to cancel out, destroy6) (Mat) to cancel out7) [+ persona] to overshadow8) frm (=incapacitar) to deprive of authority, remove from office2.See:* * *I II 1.verbo transitivo1)a) <contrato/viaje> to cancel; < matrimonio> to annul; <fallo/sentencia> to quash, overturn; < resultado> to declare... null and void; <tanto/gol> to disallowb) < cheque> ( destruir) to cancel; ( dar orden de no pagar) to stop2) < persona> to destroy2.anularse v pron (recípr)IIImasculino ring finger* * *= negate, nullify, override, overtake, overturn, render + valueless, render + wrong, repeal, rule out, short-circuit [shortcircuit], stultify, dope, gainsay, eviscerate, wipe out, obliterate, preempt [pre-empt], revoke, undo, waive, quash, block off, write off, blot out, overrule, void.Ex. Thus excessive delays in the availability of cataloguing records from the central agency will negate much of the value of a central service.Ex. To adopt terms or names in various languages, which are probably unfamiliar in a certain other language, would be to nullify the usefulness of that catalog to all of these users in the interest of cooperation.Ex. On the final screen in the sequence, the default values for today's closing time and tomorrow's opening time may be overridden.Ex. Why have card-based systems been overtaken by computer databases?.Ex. However, any refinement involves greater human intervention, and this in turn can easily overturn the arguments in favour of subject indexes based upon titles.Ex. Further, changes in the external world serve to render judgments, valid at the moment, wrong at best, and detrimental to the effectiveness of the catalog at worst.Ex. I was one of the cosigners of a resolution which tried to have the ISBD repealed.Ex. If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.Ex. There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.Ex. Excessive standardisation also tends to stultify development and improvement of IT products.Ex. A photolithographic process selectively dopes minute areas of the silicon and so builds up circuits.Ex. We could even agree that no one in our experience is terribly interested in knowing about all of the works of an author, and this would not gainsay the value of consistent author entry.Ex. Also, to become emotionally wedded to a particular view is to eviscerate one's effectiveness in achieving a workable solution.Ex. Strong economic forces, inflation and an over-strong pound wiped out any noticeable benefits of EEC membership to industry.Ex. Typing errors cannot be obliterated with a normal erasing fluid as this would print and appear as a blotch on the copies.Ex. This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.Ex. I would think that we would still charge for lost and damaged books and that we would revoke borrowing privileges of chronic offenders, or whatever we decide to call them.Ex. The National Library of Estonia, established in 1918, is undergoing a revolutionary period of undoing the effects of the cultural policies of the communist regime.Ex. When only partial success in contracted terms is achieved, the repayment due may be reduced or waived.Ex. The author brazenly insists that Woodman's family has compromised the documentation of the photographer's life by effectively quashing most of her work.Ex. A globalizing world so devoted to 'diversity,' as the present one is, can ill afford to block off one particular communication channel in favor of any other.Ex. They express concern over Povinelli's certainty in writing off that multicultural project, however.Ex. Las Vegas was once notorious for loose morals, fast living and financial transactions murky enough to blot out the desert sun.Ex. President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.Ex. However, in the case when the user's input fails, we would like to void the reserved funds.----* anular las posibilidades = close off + possibilities.* anular la validez de un concepto = sterilise + idea.* anular una posibilidad = block off + alley.* * *I II 1.verbo transitivo1)a) <contrato/viaje> to cancel; < matrimonio> to annul; <fallo/sentencia> to quash, overturn; < resultado> to declare... null and void; <tanto/gol> to disallowb) < cheque> ( destruir) to cancel; ( dar orden de no pagar) to stop2) < persona> to destroy2.anularse v pron (recípr)IIImasculino ring finger* * *= negate, nullify, override, overtake, overturn, render + valueless, render + wrong, repeal, rule out, short-circuit [shortcircuit], stultify, dope, gainsay, eviscerate, wipe out, obliterate, preempt [pre-empt], revoke, undo, waive, quash, block off, write off, blot out, overrule, void.Ex: Thus excessive delays in the availability of cataloguing records from the central agency will negate much of the value of a central service.
Ex: To adopt terms or names in various languages, which are probably unfamiliar in a certain other language, would be to nullify the usefulness of that catalog to all of these users in the interest of cooperation.Ex: On the final screen in the sequence, the default values for today's closing time and tomorrow's opening time may be overridden.Ex: Why have card-based systems been overtaken by computer databases?.Ex: However, any refinement involves greater human intervention, and this in turn can easily overturn the arguments in favour of subject indexes based upon titles.Ex: Further, changes in the external world serve to render judgments, valid at the moment, wrong at best, and detrimental to the effectiveness of the catalog at worst.Ex: I was one of the cosigners of a resolution which tried to have the ISBD repealed.Ex: If, however, we index documents about primary schools under the term primary school, we can immediately rule out a lot of irrelevant documents in our search.Ex: There is little modulation, whole steps of division being short-circuited and an odd assembly of terms being frequently found: e.g.: LAW see also JURY, JUDGES.Ex: Excessive standardisation also tends to stultify development and improvement of IT products.Ex: A photolithographic process selectively dopes minute areas of the silicon and so builds up circuits.Ex: We could even agree that no one in our experience is terribly interested in knowing about all of the works of an author, and this would not gainsay the value of consistent author entry.Ex: Also, to become emotionally wedded to a particular view is to eviscerate one's effectiveness in achieving a workable solution.Ex: Strong economic forces, inflation and an over-strong pound wiped out any noticeable benefits of EEC membership to industry.Ex: Typing errors cannot be obliterated with a normal erasing fluid as this would print and appear as a blotch on the copies.Ex: This article concludes that the main value of the indicators is as a management tool, as a means of preempting problems.Ex: I would think that we would still charge for lost and damaged books and that we would revoke borrowing privileges of chronic offenders, or whatever we decide to call them.Ex: The National Library of Estonia, established in 1918, is undergoing a revolutionary period of undoing the effects of the cultural policies of the communist regime.Ex: When only partial success in contracted terms is achieved, the repayment due may be reduced or waived.Ex: The author brazenly insists that Woodman's family has compromised the documentation of the photographer's life by effectively quashing most of her work.Ex: A globalizing world so devoted to 'diversity,' as the present one is, can ill afford to block off one particular communication channel in favor of any other.Ex: They express concern over Povinelli's certainty in writing off that multicultural project, however.Ex: Las Vegas was once notorious for loose morals, fast living and financial transactions murky enough to blot out the desert sun.Ex: President Eisenhower overruled some of his military commanders in summer 1958, ordering them not to use nuclear weapons against China.Ex: However, in the case when the user's input fails, we would like to void the reserved funds.* anular las posibilidades = close off + possibilities.* anular la validez de un concepto = sterilise + idea.* anular una posibilidad = block off + alley.* * *‹forma› ring-shaped dedovtA1 ‹contrato› to cancel, rescind; ‹matrimonio› to annul; ‹fallo/sentencia› to quash, overturn; ‹resultado› to declare … null and void; ‹tanto/gol› to disallow2 ‹cheque› (destruir) to cancel; (dar orden de no pagar) to stop3 ‹viaje/compromiso› to cancelB ‹persona› to destroy■ anularse( recípr):las dos fuerzas se anulan the two forces cancel each other outring finger* * *
anular verbo transitivo
‹ matrimonio› to annul;
‹fallo/sentencia› to quash, overturn;
‹ resultado› to declare … null and void;
‹tanto/gol› to disallow
( dar orden de no pagar) to stop
■ sustantivo masculino
finger ring
anular 1 sustantivo masculino ring finger
anular 2 verbo transitivo
1 Com (un pedido) to cancel
Dep (un gol) to disallow
(un matrimonio) to annul
Jur (una ley) to repeal
2 Inform to delete
3 (desautorizar, ignorar a una persona) to destroy
' anular' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dedo
English:
annul
- cancel out
- disallow
- invalidate
- negate
- nullify
- off
- override
- quash
- rescind
- ring finger
- scrub
- cancel
- finger
- over
* * *♦ adj[en forma de anillo] ring-shaped;dedo anular ring finger♦ nm[dedo] ring finger♦ vt1. [cancelar] to cancel;[ley] to repeal; [matrimonio, contrato] to annul [gol] to disallow; [resultado] to declare voidel defensa anuló a la estrella del equipo contrario the defender marked the opposing team's star out of the game* * *2 adj ring-shaped;dedo anular ring finger* * *anular vt: to annul, to cancel* * *anular vb3. (gol, tanto) to disallow -
16 destruir
v.to destroy.El temblor destruyó la pared The quake destroyed the wall.Sus trucos destruyeron a María His tricks destroyed Mary.* * *1 to destroy2 figurado to destroy, ruin, wreck* * *verb* * *1. VT1) [+ objeto, edificio] to destroyel año pasado se destruyeron miles de empleos en la construcción — last year thousands of construction jobs were lost
2) (=estropear) [+ amistad, matrimonio, armonía] to wreck, destroy; [+ argumento, teoría] to demolish; [+ esperanza] to dash, shatter; [+ proyecto, plan] to wreck, ruin2.See:* * *verbo transitivoa) <documentos/pruebas> to destroy; < ciudad> to destroy; < medio ambiente> to damageb) ( echar por tierra) < reputación> to ruin; < plan> to wreck; < esperanzas> to dash, shatterle destruyó la vida — it/he wrecked o destroyed his/her life
* * *= demolish, destroy, knock out, scupper, wipe out, trash, pull apart, sweep away, knock down, rack [wrack], wreak + destruction, destruct, shred, wreck, decimate, lay + waste to, wash out, run down, break down, blow up, rubbish, stomp + Nombre + out, smash.Ex. Having just demolished enumerative classification to some extent in the previous section, it is reasonable to ask how effective menu-based information retrieval systems might be.Ex. I am frequently taken to task as someone who would try to destroy the integrity of certain catalogs on the West Coast.Ex. Two years ago Hurricane Hugo nearly knocked out Charleston.Ex. This arrangement could definitely help solve the librarian's problems, unless unexpected events scupper it.Ex. Strong economic forces, inflation and an over-strong pound wiped out any noticeable benefits of EEC membership to industry.Ex. At the same time, the author takes issue with the view that the great libraries of America are being ' trashed' by the rush towards technology.Ex. If solutions are not found to meet this challenge, users' hunger for multimedia could pull the Internet apart.Ex. Librarians should ensure that the principles they stand for are not swept away on a tide of technological jingoism.Ex. Your note attempts to knock down an assertion not made.Ex. Both countries that have been wracked for the last ten years by violent civil wars.Ex. The author laments the demise of the paper card catalogue as a 'paroxysm of shortsightedness and antiintellectualism' on the part of over zealous librarians, wreaking destruction in a class with the burning of the library at Alexandria.Ex. That means that the abstractions of scientific knowledge reduce the reality and even destruct it.Ex. If they do muster up the courage to participate, they have learned what it is like to lose: they describe it as being 'slaughtered,' 'blown away,' or ' shredded'.Ex. They had made a secret deal with Otto Reich to wreck Cuba's economy.Ex. Insect pests decimate a significant proportion of the world's food supply and transmit a number of deadly human diseases.Ex. The mutilation of periodicals is laying waste to vital and expensive periodical collections in all kinds of library across the USA, and it seems to strike academic libraries with particular virulence.Ex. Some sections of road washed out by flood waters.Ex. It really is time we stopped kow-towing to every Tom, Dick and Harry who runs down our industry.Ex. It describes our experience in combatting mould which grew as a result of high humidity and temperatures when the air conditioning system broke down for several days after several days of rain.Ex. The article 'The library has blown up!' relates the short circuit in the main electrical circuit board of Porstmouth Public Library caused by electricians who were carrying out routine work.Ex. The theory of Scandinavian racial purity cherished by Hitler and the Nazis has been rubbished by new scientific research.Ex. Like I said, no wonder racism won't die, it takes BOTH sides to stomp it out, not just one!.Ex. The library was badly vandalised and the intruders overturned 10 large bookcases, tore paintings down, emptied catalogues, and smashed intercoms, chairs, tables and windows.----* chocar destruyendo = smash into.* destruir completamente = blow + Nombre + to bits.* destruir la esperanza = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.* destruir un mito = explode + myth.* fuego + destruir = fire + destroy.* fuego + destruir por completo = fire + gut.* * *verbo transitivoa) <documentos/pruebas> to destroy; < ciudad> to destroy; < medio ambiente> to damageb) ( echar por tierra) < reputación> to ruin; < plan> to wreck; < esperanzas> to dash, shatterle destruyó la vida — it/he wrecked o destroyed his/her life
* * *= demolish, destroy, knock out, scupper, wipe out, trash, pull apart, sweep away, knock down, rack [wrack], wreak + destruction, destruct, shred, wreck, decimate, lay + waste to, wash out, run down, break down, blow up, rubbish, stomp + Nombre + out, smash.Ex: Having just demolished enumerative classification to some extent in the previous section, it is reasonable to ask how effective menu-based information retrieval systems might be.
Ex: I am frequently taken to task as someone who would try to destroy the integrity of certain catalogs on the West Coast.Ex: Two years ago Hurricane Hugo nearly knocked out Charleston.Ex: This arrangement could definitely help solve the librarian's problems, unless unexpected events scupper it.Ex: Strong economic forces, inflation and an over-strong pound wiped out any noticeable benefits of EEC membership to industry.Ex: At the same time, the author takes issue with the view that the great libraries of America are being ' trashed' by the rush towards technology.Ex: If solutions are not found to meet this challenge, users' hunger for multimedia could pull the Internet apart.Ex: Librarians should ensure that the principles they stand for are not swept away on a tide of technological jingoism.Ex: Your note attempts to knock down an assertion not made.Ex: Both countries that have been wracked for the last ten years by violent civil wars.Ex: The author laments the demise of the paper card catalogue as a 'paroxysm of shortsightedness and antiintellectualism' on the part of over zealous librarians, wreaking destruction in a class with the burning of the library at Alexandria.Ex: That means that the abstractions of scientific knowledge reduce the reality and even destruct it.Ex: If they do muster up the courage to participate, they have learned what it is like to lose: they describe it as being 'slaughtered,' 'blown away,' or ' shredded'.Ex: They had made a secret deal with Otto Reich to wreck Cuba's economy.Ex: Insect pests decimate a significant proportion of the world's food supply and transmit a number of deadly human diseases.Ex: The mutilation of periodicals is laying waste to vital and expensive periodical collections in all kinds of library across the USA, and it seems to strike academic libraries with particular virulence.Ex: Some sections of road washed out by flood waters.Ex: It really is time we stopped kow-towing to every Tom, Dick and Harry who runs down our industry.Ex: It describes our experience in combatting mould which grew as a result of high humidity and temperatures when the air conditioning system broke down for several days after several days of rain.Ex: The article 'The library has blown up!' relates the short circuit in the main electrical circuit board of Porstmouth Public Library caused by electricians who were carrying out routine work.Ex: The theory of Scandinavian racial purity cherished by Hitler and the Nazis has been rubbished by new scientific research.Ex: Like I said, no wonder racism won't die, it takes BOTH sides to stomp it out, not just one!.Ex: The library was badly vandalised and the intruders overturned 10 large bookcases, tore paintings down, emptied catalogues, and smashed intercoms, chairs, tables and windows.* chocar destruyendo = smash into.* destruir completamente = blow + Nombre + to bits.* destruir la esperanza = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.* destruir un mito = explode + myth.* fuego + destruir = fire + destroy.* fuego + destruir por completo = fire + gut.* * *vt1 ‹documentos/pruebas› to destroy; ‹ciudad› to destroyproductos que destruyen el medio ambiente products that damage the environment2 (echar por tierra) ‹reputación› to ruin; ‹plan› to ruin, wreck; ‹esperanzas› to dash, shatterlos problemas económicos destruyeron su matrimonio financial problems wrecked o ruined their marriagela droga está destruyendo muchas vidas drugs are wrecking o ruining o destroying the lives of many people* * *
destruir ( conjugate destruir) verbo transitivo
‹ ciudad› to destroy;
‹ medio ambiente› to damage
‹ plan› to wreck;
‹ esperanzas› to dash, shatter
destruir verbo transitivo to destroy
' destruir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acabar
- barrer
- dinamitar
- minar
- socavar
- anular
- consumir
- liquidar
English:
destroy
- flatten
- gut
- nuke
- obliterate
- shatter
- zap
- explode
- ruin
- shred
* * *♦ vt1. [destrozar] to destroy2. [desbaratar] [argumento] to demolish;[proyecto] to ruin, to wreck; [ilusión, esperanzas] to dash; [reputación] to ruin; [matrimonio, relación] to wreck; [pareja] to break up3. [hacienda, fortuna] to squander* * *v/t1 destroy2 ( estropear) ruin, wreck* * *destruir {41} vt: to destroy* * *destruir vb to destroy -
17 ОБРАЗЦЫ ПОЗДРАВЛЕНИЙ И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ
***Господин председатель, уважаемые дамы и господа! Прежде всего, разрешите поблагодарить, за предоставленную мне возможность выступить на этом заседании.Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen (distinguished can usually be omitted), first of all permit/allow me to thank you for (giving me) this opportunity (much better than possibility) to speak at this meeting.Прежде всего, от имени Х'а, мне хотелось бы поздравить вас, господин Y, по поводу занятия Вами поста председателя...First of all, on behalf of (not in the name of!) I should like to/permit me to/congratulate you on your election.Позвольте приветствовать Вас на высоком посту председателя...поздравить Вас с избранием на этот ответственный пост.Поздравляю Вас с избранием...to chair to this lofty/responsible/high/ important post/position/officeПримите поздравления делегации...по случаю (единодушного) избрания... on your (unanimous) electionПримите наши горячие поздравления по случаю вашего избрания председателем этой сессии и пожелания успехов в вашей ответственной работе.Please accept our warmest congratulations on your election as chairman of this session and allow us to wish you every success/all success.Мы хотели бы выразить искреннее удовлетворение по поводу того, что вновь видим Вас на посту... в кресле... Мы с удовлетворением видим Вас...We should like to express/convey/ voice/state our sincere satisfaction at seeing you once again elected/ appointed in the chair...Пользуясь случаем, хотелось бы также выразить глубокую признательность представителю Х'а...I should first (and foremost) like to take advantage of this opportunity to express profound gratitude to the representative of...Мы хотели бы также отдать должное Х'у за его умелое руководство и квалифицированное руководство этой сессией...We should also like to pay a (well deserved) tribute to X on his skillful and expert/able/competent guidance/leadership of the work of this session.Хотелось бы также отдать должное Вашему предшественникуWe also wish to pay a tribute to/congratulate your predecessorМы с удовлетворением отмечаем, что Вы успешно используете свой богатый государственный и дипломатический опыт, руководя работой комитета...We note with satisfaction that you are putting to good use your governmental and diplomatic experience in guiding the work...Мы уверены в том, что под Вашим компетентным/умелым/искусным/ квалифицированным руководством комитет успешно справится со стоящими перед ним задачами.We are confident that under your skilled/capable/competent/able leadership the committee will successfully cope with/face/deal with the responsible/important/ significant tasks/problems/items before it/facing it/on its agenda.Разрешите нам выразить уверенность, что ваша деятельность будет способствовать плодотворной работе этой сессии комитета.Allow us to express our confidence that your guidance/activity/actions will promote/advance the fruitful work of this session of the committee.Мы убеждены, что Ваши глубокие знания, богатый опыт, неизменная преданность делу мира и справедливости будут и впредь отданы служению интересам комитета.We are convinced/we know that your vast knowledge, wealth of experience, tireless/unflagging/ unswerving dedication to the cause of peace and justice will continue to serve the interests of the committee.Мне выпала сегодня большая честь приветствовать вас/открыть это заседание.Today I have the/it is my great honor to welcome you/open this meeting.Выражаем свою неизменную готовность сотрудничать с вами.We should like to express our continuing readiness to cooperate with you.От имени руководства конференции благодарю всех участников, которые содействовали ее успешному проведению.On behalf of the conference organizers I should like to thank all those participants/delegates who contributed to the success of this session/meeting/made this meeting a success.***Особо отмечается юбилей или какай-то дата:Примечательно, что в этом году наш комитет отметил свое тридцатилетие. - It is noteworthy that this year our committee marked/celebrated/ observed its thirtieth anniversary.***Даже эти стандартные варианты имеют массу вариантов в языке:– I cannot sufficiently thank you– I cannot say how glad/pleased/gratified/happy I am – I cannot hope adequately to express – I can scarcely find fitting words – I don't know how else to express – I find it difficult to put into words – Words are not adequate to express – Words cannot/are unable to convey/express my feelings – Words fail me – It affords me deep satisfaction to – I am deeply/very honored – You have done me great honor – I consider myself privileged/I am thankful for the privilege – I feel it a proud privilege – It is a great honor for me to – I have great/much/enormous/vast pride (and/or) pleasure in – It is my pleasant duty to – I welcome this opportunity to/appreciate this opportunity – I wish/desire/want/would wish/would like/intend/rise to – I beg/take leave to/take the liberty to/of – Let me – Permit me – Allow me – May I be allowed/permitted/given leave/granted permission to – If I may be allowed to/If you will allow me to – I think/believe/consider/feel/trust/deem/regard/assume/suppose/presume/take it/surmise/claim/submit/ contend/ hold/affirm/assert/guess/am under the impression that
- I think we all feel/we all will agree/I am sure everyone will agree/I may take it for granted that/No one will dispute
- I must say/am bound to say/feel obliged to/cannot but/cannot fail to/must take this opportunity/occasion to say/cannot but say/would be remiss if I did not say/ expressСловарь переводчика-синхрониста (русско-английский) > ОБРАЗЦЫ ПОЗДРАВЛЕНИЙ И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ
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18 ОБРАЗЦЫ ПОЗДРАВЛЕНИЙ И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ
***Господин председатель, уважаемые дамы и господа! Прежде всего, разрешите поблагодарить, за предоставленную мне возможность выступить на этом заседании.Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen (distinguished can usually be omitted), first of all permit/allow me to thank you for (giving me) this opportunity (much better than possibility) to speak at this meeting.Прежде всего, от имени Х'а, мне хотелось бы поздравить вас, господин Y, по поводу занятия Вами поста председателя...First of all, on behalf of (not in the name of!) I should like to/permit me to/congratulate you on your election.Позвольте приветствовать Вас на высоком посту председателя...поздравить Вас с избранием на этот ответственный пост.Поздравляю Вас с избранием...to chair to this lofty/responsible/high/ important post/position/officeПримите поздравления делегации...по случаю (единодушного) избрания... on your (unanimous) electionПримите наши горячие поздравления по случаю вашего избрания председателем этой сессии и пожелания успехов в вашей ответственной работе.Please accept our warmest congratulations on your election as chairman of this session and allow us to wish you every success/all success.Мы хотели бы выразить искреннее удовлетворение по поводу того, что вновь видим Вас на посту... в кресле... Мы с удовлетворением видим Вас...We should like to express/convey/ voice/state our sincere satisfaction at seeing you once again elected/ appointed in the chair...Пользуясь случаем, хотелось бы также выразить глубокую признательность представителю Х'а...I should first (and foremost) like to take advantage of this opportunity to express profound gratitude to the representative of...Мы хотели бы также отдать должное Х'у за его умелое руководство и квалифицированное руководство этой сессией...We should also like to pay a (well deserved) tribute to X on his skillful and expert/able/competent guidance/leadership of the work of this session.Хотелось бы также отдать должное Вашему предшественникуWe also wish to pay a tribute to/congratulate your predecessorМы с удовлетворением отмечаем, что Вы успешно используете свой богатый государственный и дипломатический опыт, руководя работой комитета...We note with satisfaction that you are putting to good use your governmental and diplomatic experience in guiding the work...Мы уверены в том, что под Вашим компетентным/умелым/искусным/ квалифицированным руководством комитет успешно справится со стоящими перед ним задачами.We are confident that under your skilled/capable/competent/able leadership the committee will successfully cope with/face/deal with the responsible/important/ significant tasks/problems/items before it/facing it/on its agenda.Разрешите нам выразить уверенность, что ваша деятельность будет способствовать плодотворной работе этой сессии комитета.Allow us to express our confidence that your guidance/activity/actions will promote/advance the fruitful work of this session of the committee.Мы убеждены, что Ваши глубокие знания, богатый опыт, неизменная преданность делу мира и справедливости будут и впредь отданы служению интересам комитета.We are convinced/we know that your vast knowledge, wealth of experience, tireless/unflagging/ unswerving dedication to the cause of peace and justice will continue to serve the interests of the committee.Мне выпала сегодня большая честь приветствовать вас/открыть это заседание.Today I have the/it is my great honor to welcome you/open this meeting.Выражаем свою неизменную готовность сотрудничать с вами.We should like to express our continuing readiness to cooperate with you.От имени руководства конференции благодарю всех участников, которые содействовали ее успешному проведению.On behalf of the conference organizers I should like to thank all those participants/delegates who contributed to the success of this session/meeting/made this meeting a success.***Особо отмечается юбилей или какай-то дата:Примечательно, что в этом году наш комитет отметил свое тридцатилетие. - It is noteworthy that this year our committee marked/celebrated/ observed its thirtieth anniversary.***Даже эти стандартные варианты имеют массу вариантов в языке:– I cannot sufficiently thank you– I cannot say how glad/pleased/gratified/happy I am – I cannot hope adequately to express – I can scarcely find fitting words – I don't know how else to express – I find it difficult to put into words – Words are not adequate to express – Words cannot/are unable to convey/express my feelings – Words fail me – It affords me deep satisfaction to – I am deeply/very honored – You have done me great honor – I consider myself privileged/I am thankful for the privilege – I feel it a proud privilege – It is a great honor for me to – I have great/much/enormous/vast pride (and/or) pleasure in – It is my pleasant duty to – I welcome this opportunity to/appreciate this opportunity – I wish/desire/want/would wish/would like/intend/rise to – I beg/take leave to/take the liberty to/of – Let me – Permit me – Allow me – May I be allowed/permitted/given leave/granted permission to – If I may be allowed to/If you will allow me to – I think/believe/consider/feel/trust/deem/regard/assume/suppose/presume/take it/surmise/claim/submit/ contend/ hold/affirm/assert/guess/am under the impression that
- I think we all feel/we all will agree/I am sure everyone will agree/I may take it for granted that/No one will dispute
- I must say/am bound to say/feel obliged to/cannot but/cannot fail to/must take this opportunity/occasion to say/cannot but say/would be remiss if I did not say/ expressРусско-английский словарь переводчика-синхрониста > ОБРАЗЦЫ ПОЗДРАВЛЕНИЙ И ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ
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19 stand
stand [stænd]stand ⇒ 1 (a) étal ⇒ 1 (a) support ⇒ 1 (b) plate-forme ⇒ 1 (c) tribune ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (d) barre ⇒ 1 (f) position ⇒ 1 (g) mettre ⇒ 2 (a) poser ⇒ 2 (a) supporter ⇒ 2 (b)-(d) se lever ⇒ 3 (a) être debout ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) être ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (e), 3 (f) se tenir ⇒ 3 (b) reposer ⇒ 3 (d), 3 (g) se trouver ⇒ 3 (e) rester ⇒ 3 (g) rester valable ⇒ 3 (h) se classer ⇒ 3 (j)(pt & pp stood [stʊd])1 noun(a) (stall, booth → at exhibition, trade fair) stand m; (→ in market) étal m, éventaire m; (kiosk) kiosque m;∎ a shooting stand un stand de tir;∎ newspaper stand kiosque m (à journaux)(b) (frame, support → gen) support m; (→ for lamp, sink) pied m; (→ on bicycle, motorbike) béquille f; (→ for pipes, guns) râtelier m; Commerce (→ for magazines, sunglasses) présentoir m; (lectern) lutrin m;∎ bicycle stand (in street) râtelier m à bicyclettes;∎ plant stand sellette f;∎ plate stand support m à assiette, présentoir m;∎ Commerce revolving stand tourniquet m, présentoir m rotatif(d) (in sports ground) tribune f;∎ the stands roared un rugissement s'éleva des tribunes ou des gradins∎ (taxi) stand station f de taxis(f) (in courtroom) barre f;∎ the first witness took the stand le premier témoin est venu à la barre(g) (position, stance) position f;∎ to take a stand on sth prendre position sur qch;∎ what's your stand on the issue? quelle est votre position sur la question?;∎ he refuses to take a stand il refuse de prendre position∎ to make a stand résister;∎ they made a stand at the foot of the hill ils ont résisté au pied de la colline;∎ to make a stand against an abuse s'opposer résolument à un abus;∎ History Custer's last stand la dernière bataille de Custer∎ a fine stand of corn un beau champ de blé;∎ a stand of bamboo un massif de bambous(a) (set, place) mettre, poser;∎ he stood the boy on a chair il a mis le garçon debout sur une chaise;∎ she stood her umbrella in the corner elle a mis son parapluie dans le coin;∎ to stand sth on (its) end mettre qch debout;∎ help me stand the bedstead against the wall aide-moi à dresser le sommier ou mettre le sommier debout contre le mur(b) (endure, withstand) supporter;∎ his heart couldn't stand the shock son cœur n'a pas résisté au ou n'a pas supporté le choc;∎ it will stand high temperatures without cracking cela peut résister à ou supporter des températures élevées sans se fissurer;∎ how much weight can the bridge stand? quel poids le pont peut-il supporter?;∎ the motor wasn't built to stand intensive use le moteur n'a pas été conçu pour supporter un usage intensif;∎ wool carpeting can stand a lot of hard wear les moquettes en laine sont très résistantes;∎ she's not strong enough to stand another operation elle n'est pas assez forte pour supporter une nouvelle opération;∎ he certainly doesn't stand comparison with Bogart il n'est absolument pas possible de le comparer avec Bogart;∎ their figures don't stand close inspection leurs chiffres ne résistent pas à un examen sérieux∎ I can't stand it any longer! je n'en peux plus!;∎ how can you stand working with him? comment est-ce que vous faites pour ou comment arrivez-vous à travailler avec lui?;∎ I've had as much as I can stand of your griping! j'en ai assez de tes jérémiades!;∎ if there's one thing I can't stand, it's hypocrisy s'il y a quelque chose que je ne supporte pas, c'est bien l'hypocrisie;∎ I can't stand (the sight of) him! je ne peux pas le supporter!, je ne peux pas le voir en peinture!;∎ she can't stand Wagner/smokers elle ne peut pas supporter Wagner/les fumeurs;∎ he can't stand flying il déteste prendre l'avion∎ oil company profits could certainly stand a cut une diminution de leurs bénéfices ne ferait aucun mal aux compagnies pétrolières;∎ he could stand a bath! un bain ne lui ferait pas de mal!;∎ American could I stand a drink! je prendrais bien un petit verre!(e) (perform duty of) remplir la fonction de;∎ to stand witness for sb (at marriage) être le témoin de qn∎ to stand sb a meal payer un repas à qn;∎ to stand a chance (of doing sth) avoir de bonnes chances (de faire qch);∎ you don't stand a chance! vous n'avez pas la moindre chance!;∎ the plans stand little chance of being approved les projets ont peu de chances d'être approuvés(a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ he refused to stand for the national anthem il a refusé de se lever pendant l'hymne national(b) (be on one's feet) être debout, se tenir debout; (in a specified location, posture) être, se tenir;∎ I've been standing all day je suis resté debout toute la journée;∎ I had to stand all the way j'ai dû voyager debout pendant tout le trajet;∎ she was so tired she could hardly stand elle était si fatiguée qu'elle avait du mal à tenir debout ou sur ses jambes;∎ wear flat shoes if you have to stand a lot portez des chaussures à talons plats si vous devez rester debout pendant des heures;∎ I don't mind standing ça ne me gêne pas de rester debout;∎ don't stand near the edge ne restez pas près du bord;∎ don't just stand there, do something! ne restez pas là à ne rien faire!;∎ stand clear! écartez-vous!;∎ I saw her standing at the window je l'ai vue (debout) à la fenêtre;∎ a man stood in the doorway un homme se tenait à la porte;∎ do you see that man standing over there? vous voyez cet homme là-bas?;∎ where should I stand? - beside Yvonne où dois-je me mettre? - à côté d'Yvonne;∎ I'll be standing outside the theatre j'attendrai devant le théâtre;∎ small groups of men stood talking at street corners des hommes discutaient par petits groupes au coin des rues;∎ he was standing at the bar il était debout au comptoir;∎ is there a chair I can stand on? y a-t-il une chaise sur laquelle je puisse monter?;∎ they were standing a little way off ils se tenaient un peu à l'écart;∎ excuse me, you're standing on my foot excusez-moi, vous me marchez sur le pied;∎ American to stand in line faire la queue;∎ School stand in the corner! au coin!;∎ to stand upright or erect se tenir droit;∎ he was so nervous he couldn't stand still il était si nerveux qu'il ne tenait pas en place;∎ I stood perfectly still, hoping they wouldn't see me je me suis figé sur place en espérant qu'ils ne me verraient pas;∎ stand still! ne bougez pas!, ne bougez plus!;∎ stand with your feet apart écartez les pieds;∎ the heron was standing on one leg le héron se tenait debout sur une patte;∎ to stand on tiptoe se tenir sur la pointe des pieds;∎ stand and deliver! la bourse ou la vie!;∎ figurative to stand on one's own two feet se débrouiller tout seul;∎ figurative he left the others standing (gen) il était de loin le meilleur; (in race) il a laissé les autres sur place(c) (be upright → post, target etc) être debout;∎ not a stone (of the building) was left standing le bâtiment était complètement détruit;∎ the house is still standing la maison tient toujours debout;∎ the aqueduct has stood for centuries l'aqueduc est là depuis des siècles;∎ the wheat stood high les blés étaient hauts(d) (be supported, be mounted) reposer;∎ the coffin stood on trestles le cercueil reposait sur des tréteaux;∎ the house stands on solid foundations la maison repose ou est bâtie sur des fondations solides;∎ figurative this argument stands on three simple facts ce raisonnement repose sur trois simples faits∎ the fort stands on a hill la forteresse se trouve en haut d'une colline;∎ this is where the city gates once stood c'est ici qu'autrefois se dressaient les portes de la ville;∎ the piano stood in the centre of the room le piano était au centre ou occupait le centre de la pièce;∎ the bottles stood in rows of five les bouteilles étaient disposées en rangées de cinq;∎ do you see the lorry standing next to my car? vous voyez le camion qui est à côté de ma voiture?;∎ a wardrobe stood against one wall il y avait une armoire contre un mur(f) (indicating current state of affairs, situation) être;∎ how do things stand? où en est la situation?;∎ I'd like to know where I stand with you j'aimerais savoir où en sont les choses entre nous;∎ I don't know where I stand j'ignore quelle est ma situation ou ma position;∎ you never know how or where you stand with her on ne sait jamais sur quel pied danser avec elle;∎ as things stand, as matters stand telles que les choses se présentent;∎ he's dissatisfied with the contract as it stands il n'est pas satisfait du contrat tel qu'il a été rédigé;∎ just print the text as it stands imprimez le texte tel quel;∎ he stands accused of rape il est accusé de viol;∎ she stands alone in advocating this approach elle est la seule à préconiser cette approche;∎ I stand corrected je reconnais m'être trompé ou mon erreur;∎ the doors stood wide open les portes étaient grandes ouvertes;∎ I've got a taxi standing ready j'ai un taxi qui attend;∎ the police are standing ready to intervene la police se tient prête à intervenir;∎ the party stands united behind him le parti est uni derrière lui;∎ no-one stands above the law personne n'est au-dessus des lois;∎ their turnover now stands at three million pounds leur chiffre d'affaires atteint désormais les trois millions de livres;∎ the exchange rate stands at 5 francs to the dollar le taux de change est de 5 francs pour un dollar;∎ we're standing right behind you nous sommes avec vous;∎ with the union standing behind him avec le soutien du syndicat;∎ nothing stood between her and victory rien ne pouvait désormais l'empêcher de gagner;∎ it's the only thing standing between us and financial disaster c'est la seule chose qui nous empêche de sombrer dans un désastre financier;∎ to stand in need of… avoir besoin de…;∎ he stands in danger of losing his job il risque de perdre son emploi;∎ I stood lost in admiration j'en suis resté béat d'admiration;∎ to stand in sb's way bloquer le passage à qn;∎ figurative don't stand in my way! n'essaie pas de m'en empêcher!;∎ nothing stands in our way now maintenant, la voie est libre;∎ if you want to leave school I'm not going to stand in your way si tu veux quitter l'école, je ne m'y opposerai pas;∎ it's his lack of experience that stands in his way c'est son manque d'expérience qui le handicape;∎ their foreign debt stands in the way of economic recovery leur dette extérieure constitue un obstacle à la reprise économique;∎ her pride is the only thing standing in the way of their reconciliation son orgueil est le seul obstacle à leur réconciliation∎ the machines stood idle les machines étaient arrêtées;∎ the houses stood empty awaiting demolition les maisons, vidées de leurs occupants, attendaient d'être démolies;∎ time stood still le temps semblait s'être arrêté;∎ the car has been standing in the garage for a year ça fait un an que la voiture n'a pas bougé du garage;∎ I've decided to let my flight reservation stand j'ai décidé de ne pas changer ma réservation d'avion;∎ let the mixture stand until the liquid is clear laissez reposer le mélange jusqu'à ce que le liquide se clarifie;∎ the champion stands unbeaten le champion reste invaincu;∎ his theory stood unchallenged for a decade pendant dix ans, personne n'a remis en cause sa théorie;∎ the government will stand or fall on the outcome of this vote le maintien ou la chute du gouvernement dépend du résultat de ce vote;∎ united we stand, divided we fall l'union fait la force∎ my invitation still stands vous êtes toujours invité;∎ the verdict stands unless there's an appeal le jugement reste valable à moins que l'on ne fasse appel;∎ even with this new plan, our objection still stands ce nouveau projet ne remet pas en cause notre objection première;∎ the bet stands le pari tient;∎ what you said last week, does that still stand? et ce que tu as dit la semaine dernière, ça tient toujours?(i) (measure → person, tree) mesurer;∎ she stands 5 feet in her stocking feet elle mesure moins de 1,50 m pieds nus;∎ the building stands ten storeys high l'immeuble compte dix étages∎ this hotel stands among the best in the world cet hôtel figure parmi les meilleurs du monde;∎ American she stands first/last in her class elle est la première/la dernière de sa classe;∎ I know she stands high in your opinion je sais que tu as une très bonne opinion d'elle;∎ for price and quality, it stands high on my list en ce qui concerne le prix et la qualité, je le range ou le compte parmi les meilleurs∎ how or where does he stand on the nuclear issue? quelle est sa position ou son point de vue sur la question du nucléaire?;∎ you ought to tell them where you stand vous devriez leur faire part de votre position∎ to stand to lose risquer de perdre;∎ to stand to win avoir des chances de gagner;∎ they stand to make a huge profit on the deal ils ont des chances de faire un bénéfice énorme dans cette affaire;∎ no one stands to gain from a quarrel like this personne n'a rien à gagner d'une telle querelle∎ she stood for Waltham elle a été candidate à la circonscription de Waltham;∎ will he stand for re-election? va-t-il se représenter aux élections?;∎ she's standing as an independent elle se présente en tant que candidate indépendante∎ no standing (sign) arrêt interdit∎ you're standing c'est ta tournéerester là;∎ we stood about or around waiting for the flight announcement nous restions là à attendre que le vol soit annoncé;∎ the prisoners stood about or around in small groups les prisonniers se tenaient par petits groupes;∎ after Mass, the men stand about or around in the square après la messe, les hommes s'attardent sur la place;∎ I can't afford to pay people to stand around all day doing nothing je n'ai pas les moyens de payer les gens à ne rien faire;∎ I'm not just going to stand about waiting for you to make up your mind! je n'ai pas l'intention de rester là à attendre que tu te décides!(move aside) s'écarter;∎ stand aside, someone's fainted! écartez-vous, quelqu'un s'est évanoui!;∎ he politely stood aside to let us pass il s'écarta ou s'effaça poliment pour nous laisser passer;∎ figurative to stand aside in favour of sb (gen) laisser la voie libre à qn; Politics se désister en faveur de qn(a) (move back) reculer, s'écarter;∎ stand back from the doors! écartez-vous des portes!;∎ she stood back to look at herself in the mirror elle recula pour se regarder dans la glace;∎ the painting is better if you stand back from it le tableau est mieux si vous prenez du recul(b) (be set back) être en retrait ou à l'écart;∎ the house stands back from the road la maison est en retrait (de la route)(c) (take mental distance) prendre du recul;∎ I need to stand back and take stock j'ai besoin de prendre du recul et de faire le point➲ stand by(a) (support → person) soutenir;∎ I'll stand by you through thick and thin je te soutiendrai ou je resterai à tes côtés quoi qu'il arrive∎ to stand by an agreement respecter un accord;∎ I stand by what I said/my original analysis of the situation je m'en tiens à ce que j'ai dit/ma première analyse de la situation(a) (not intervene) rester là (sans rien faire ou sans intervenir);∎ how could you just stand by and watch them mistreat that poor dog? comment as-tu pu rester là à les regarder maltraiter ce pauvre chien (sans intervenir)?;∎ I stood by helplessly while they searched the room je restais là, impuissant, pendant qu'ils fouillaient la pièce(b) (be ready → person) être ou se tenir prêt; (→ vehicle) être prêt; (→ army, embassy) être en état d'alerte;∎ the police were standing by to disperse the crowd la police se tenait prête à disperser la foule;∎ we have an oxygen machine standing by nous avons une machine à oxygène prête en cas d'urgence;∎ stand by! attention!; Nautical paré!, attention!;∎ Aviation stand by for takeoff préparez-vous pour le décollage;∎ Radio stand by to receive prenez l'écoute;∎ Military standing by for orders! à vos ordres!∎ will he stand down in favour of a younger candidate? va-t-il se désister en faveur d'un candidat plus jeune?(b) (leave witness box) quitter la barre;∎ you may stand down, Mr Simms vous pouvez quitter la barre, M. Simms∎ stand down! (after drill) rompez (les rangs)!(workers) licencier(a) (represent) représenter;∎ what does DNA stand for? que veut dire l'abréviation ADN?;∎ the R stands for Ryan le R signifie Ryan;∎ the dove stands for peace la colombe symbolise la paix;∎ we want our name to stand for quality and efficiency nous voulons que notre nom soit synonyme de qualité et d'efficacité;∎ she supports the values and ideas the party once stood for elle soutient les valeurs et les idées qui furent autrefois celles du parti;∎ I detest everything that they stand for! je déteste tout ce qu'ils représentent!∎ I'm not going to stand for it! je ne le tolérerai ou permettrai pas!assurer le remplacement;∎ to stand in for sb remplacer qn; Cinema doubler qnNautical (coast, island) croiser au large de;∎ they have an aircraft carrier standing off Aden ils ont un porte-avions qui croise au large d'Aden(a) (move away) s'écarter∎ the veins in his neck stood out les veines de son cou saillaient ou étaient gonflées∎ the pink stands out against the green background le rose ressort ou se détache sur le fond vert;∎ the masts stood out against the sky les mâts se découpaient ou se dessinaient contre le ciel;∎ the name on the truck stood out clearly le nom sur le camion était bien visible;∎ she stands out in a crowd on la remarque dans la foule;∎ figurative I don't like to stand out in a crowd je n'aime pas me singulariser;∎ this one book stands out from all his others ce livre-ci surclasse tous ses autres livres;∎ there is no one issue which stands out as being more important than the others il n'y a pas une question qui soit plus importante que les autres;∎ the qualities that stand out in his work les qualités marquantes de son œuvre;∎ she stands out above all the rest elle surpasse ou surclasse tous les autres;∎ the day stands out in my memory cette journée est marquée d'une pierre blanche dans ma mémoire;∎ familiar that stands out a mile! (is very obvious) ça se voit comme le nez au milieu de la figure!;∎ it really stands out that he's not a local ça se voit ou se remarque vraiment qu'il n'est pas d'ici(c) (resist, hold out) tenir bon, tenir, résister;∎ they won't be able to stand out for long ils ne pourront pas tenir ou résister longtemps;∎ to stand out against (attack, enemy) résister à; (change, tax increase) s'opposer avec détermination à;∎ to stand out for sth revendiquer qch;∎ they are standing out for a pay increase ils revendiquent ou réclament une augmentation de salaire(watch over) surveiller;∎ I can't work with someone standing over me je ne peux pas travailler quand quelqu'un regarde par-dessus mon épaule;∎ she stood over him until he'd eaten every last bit elle ne l'a pas lâché avant qu'il ait mangé la dernière mietteBritish (postpone) remettre (à plus tard);∎ I'd prefer to stand this discussion over until we have more information je préférerais remettre cette discussion jusqu'à ce que nous disposions de plus amples renseignementsBritish être remis (à plus tard);∎ we have two items standing over from the last meeting il nous reste deux points à régler depuis la dernière réunion➲ stand toMilitary mettre en état d'alerteMilitary se mettre en état d'alerte;∎ stand to! à vos postes!être ou rester solidaire➲ stand up(a) (set upright → chair, bottle) mettre debout;∎ they stood the prisoner up against a tree ils ont adossé le prisonnier à un arbre;∎ stand the ladder up against the wall mettez ou appuyez l'échelle contre le mur;∎ to stand a child up (again) (re)mettre un enfant sur ses pieds∎ I was stood up twice in a row on m'a posé un lapin deux fois de suite(a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ she stood up to offer me her seat elle se leva pour m'offrir sa place;∎ stand up! levez-vous!, debout!;∎ figurative to stand up and be counted avoir le courage de ses opinions(b) (be upright) être debout;∎ I can't get the candle to stand up straight je n'arrive pas à faire tenir la bougie droite∎ how is that repair job standing up? est-ce que cette réparation tient toujours?(d) (be valid → argument, claim) être valable, tenir debout;∎ his evidence won't stand up in court son témoignage ne sera pas valable en justicedéfendre;∎ to stand up for oneself se défendre∎ to stand up to sth résister à qch;∎ to stand up to sb tenir tête à ou faire face à qn;∎ he's too weak to stand up to her il est trop faible pour lui tenir tête;∎ she had a hard time standing up to their criticism ça ne lui a pas été facile de faire face à leurs critiques;∎ it won't stand up to that sort of treatment ça ne résistera pas à ce genre de traitement;∎ her hypothesis doesn't stand up to empirical testing son hypothèse ne résiste pas à la vérification expérimentale -
20 Concepts
From a psychological perspective, concepts are mental representations of classes (e.g., one's beliefs about the class of dogs or tables), and their most salient function is to promote cognitive economy.... By partitioning the world into classes, we decrease the amount of information we must perceive, learn, remember, communicate, and reason about. Thus, if we had no concepts, we would have to refer to each individual entity by its own name; every different table, for example, would be denoted by a different word. The mental lexicon required would be so enormous that communication as we know it might be impossible. Other mental functions might collapse under the sheer number of entities we would have to keep track of.Another important function of concepts is that they enable us to go beyond the information given.... When we come across an object, say a wolf, we have direct knowledge only of its appearance. It is essential that we go beyond appearances and bring to bear other knowledge that we have, such as our belief that wolves can bite and inflict severe injury. Concepts are our means of linking perceptual and nonperceptual information. We use a perceptual description of the creature in front of us to access the concept wolf and then use our nonperceptual beliefs to direct our behavior, that is, run. Concepts, then, are recognition devices; they serve as entry points into our knowledge stores and provide us with expectations that we can use to guide our actions.A third important function of concepts is that they can be combined to form complex concepts and thoughts. Stoves and burn are two simple concepts; Stoves can burn is a full-fledged thought. Presumably our understanding of this thought, and of complex concepts in general, is based on our understanding of the constituent concepts. (Smith, 1988, pp. 19-20)The concept may be a butterfly. It may be a person he has known. It may be an animal, a city, a type of action, or a quality. Each concept calls for a name. These names are wanted for what may be a noun or a verb, an adjective or an adverb. Concepts of this type have been formed gradually over the years from childhood on. Each time a thing is seen or heard or experienced, the individual has a perception of it. A part of that perception comes from his own concomitant interpretation. Each successive perception forms and probably alters the permanent concept. And words are acquired gradually, also, and deposited somehow in the treasure-house of word memory.... Words are often acquired simultaneously with the concepts.... A little boy may first see a butterfly fluttering from flower to flower in a meadow. Later he sees them on the wing or in pictures, many times. On each occasion he adds to his conception of butterfly.It becomes a generalization from many particulars. He builds up a concept of a butterfly which he can remember and summon at will, although when he comes to manhood, perhaps, he can recollect none of the particular butterflies of past experience.The same is true of the sequence of sound that makes up a melody. He remembers it after he has forgotten each of the many times he heard or perhaps sang or played it. The same is true of colours. He acquires, quite quickly, the concept of lavender, although all the objects of which he saw the colour have faded beyond the frontier of voluntary recall. The same is true of the generalization he forms of an acquaintance. Later on he can summon his concept of the individual without recalling their many meetings. (Penfield, 1959, pp. 228-229)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Concepts
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experience*/*/*/ — [ɪkˈspɪəriəns] noun I 1) [U] knowledge and skill that you get by doing a particular job or activity You don t need any experience to work here.[/ex] business/teaching experience[/ex] Do you have any previous experience with children?[/ex] She has … Dictionary for writing and speaking English
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